获取本机HOST name和局域网IP

import socket
def print_machine_info():
 host_name = socket.gethostname()
 ip_address = socket.gethostbyname(host_name)
 print("Host name is:%s" % host_name)
 print("IP address is:%s" % ip_address)
if __name__ == '__main__':
 print_machine_info()

输出

Host name is:jomax-mbp.lan
IP address is:192.168.1.15

获取远程设备的IP地址

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import socket
def get_remote_machine_info(err_msg=None):
 remote_host = 'www.baidu.com'
 try:
 print("主机的IP地址是:%s" % socket.gethostbyname(remote_host))
 except (socket.error, err_msg):
 print("%s: %s" % (remote_host, err_msg))
if __name__ == '__main__':
 get_remote_machine_info()

将IPv4地址转换为不同的格式

def convert_ipv4_address():
 for ip_addr in ['127.0.0.1', '192.168.1.1']:
 packed_ip_addr = socket.inet_aton(ip_addr)
 unpacked_ip_addr = socket.inet_ntoa(packed_ip_addr)
 print("IP 地址: %s => 打包后:%s ,没有打包前:%s"
 % (ip_addr, hexlify(packed_ip_addr), unpacked_ip_addr))

输出

IP 地址: 127.0.0.1 => 打包后:b'7f000001' ,没有打包前:127.0.0.1
IP 地址: 192.168.1.1 => 打包后:b'c0a80101' ,没有打包前:192.168.1.1

通过指定的端口和协议找到服务名：

def find_service_name():
 protocolname = 'tcp'
 for port in [80, 25]:
 print("端口：%s => 服务名称是：%s " % (port, socket.getservbyport(port, protocolname)))
 print("端口：%s => 服务名称是：%s" % (53, socket.getservbyport(53, 'udp')))

输出

端口：80 => 服务名称是：http 
端口：25 => 服务名称是：smtp 
端口：53 => 服务名称是：domain

主机字节序和网络字节之间相互转换

def convert_integer():
 data = 1234
 print("源字节：%s => Long host byte order:%s,Network byte order:%s"
 % (data, socket.ntohl(data), socket.htonl(data)))
 print("源字节: %s => Short host byte order:%s,Network byte order:%s"
 % (data, socket.ntohs(data), socket.htons(data)))

输出

源字节：1234 => Long host byte order:3523477504,Network byte order:3523477504
源字节: 1234 => Short host byte order:53764,Network byte order:53764