脚本写的好，下班下得早！程序员的日常工作除了编写程序代码，还不可避免地需要处理相关的测试和验证工作。

例如，访问某个网站一直不通，需要确定此地址是否可访问，服务器返回什么，进而确定问题在于什么。完成这个任务，如果一味希望采用编译型语言来编写这样的代码，实践中的时间和精力是不够的，这个时候就需要发挥脚本的神奇作用！

毫不夸张的说，能否写出高效实用的脚本代码，直接影响着一个程序员的幸福生活[下班时间]。下面整理 8 个实用的 Python 脚本，需要的时候改改直接用，建议收藏！

1.解决 linux 下 unzip 乱码的问题。

import os
import sys
import zipfile
import argparse
s = '\x1b[%d;%dm%s\x1b[0m' 
def unzip(path):
 file = zipfile.ZipFile(path,"r")
 if args.secret:
 file.setpassword(args.secret)
 for name in file.namelist():
 try:
 utf8name=name.decode('gbk')
 pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 except:
 utf8name=name
 pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 #print s % (1, 92, ' >> extracting:'), utf8name
 #pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname != "":
 os.makedirs(pathname)
 data = file.read(name)
 if not os.path.exists(utf8name):
 try:
 fo = open(utf8name, "w")
 fo.write(data)
 fo.close
 except:
 pass
 file.close()
def main(argv):
 ######################################################
 # for argparse
 p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='解决unzip乱码')
 p.add_argument('xxx', type=str, nargs='*', \
 help='命令对象.')
 p.add_argument('-s', '--secret', action='store', \
 default=None, help='密码')
 global args
 args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
 xxx = args.xxx
 for path in xxx:
 if path.endswith('.zip'):
 if os.path.exists(path):
 print s % (1, 97, ' ++ unzip:'), path
 unzip(path)
 else:
 print s % (1, 91, ' !! file doesn\'t exist.'), path
 else:
 print s % (1, 91, ' !! file isn\'t a zip file.'), path
if __name__ == '__main__':
 argv = sys.argv
 main(argv)

2.统计当前根目录代码行数。

# coding=utf-8
import os
import time
# 设定根目录
basedir = './'
filelists = []
# 指定想要统计的文件类型
whitelist = ['cpp', 'h']
#遍历文件, 递归遍历文件夹中的所有
def getFile(basedir):
 global filelists
 for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(basedir):
 for filename in filenames:
 ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
 #只统计指定的文件类型，略过一些log和cache文件
 if ext in whitelist:
 filelists.append(os.path.join(parent,filename))
#统计一个的行数
def countLine(fname):
 count = 0
 # 把文件做二进制看待,read.
 for file_line in open(fname, 'rb').readlines():
 if file_line != '' and file_line != '\n': #过滤掉空行
 count += 1
 print (fname + '----' , count)
 return count
if __name__ == '__main__' :
 startTime = time.clock()
 getFile(basedir)
 totalline = 0
 for filelist in filelists:
 totalline = totalline + countLine(filelist)
 print ('total lines:',totalline)
 print ('Done! Cost Time: %0.2f second' % (time.clock() - startTime))

3.扫描当前目录和所有子目录并显示大小。

import os
import sys 
try:
 directory = sys.argv[1] 
except IndexError:
 sys.exit("Must provide an argument.")
dir_size = 0 
fsizedicr = {'Bytes': 1,
 'Kilobytes': float(1) / 1024,
 'Megabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024),
 'Gigabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)}
for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(directory): 
 for file in files: 
 filename = os.path.join(path, file)
 dir_size += os.path.getsize(filename) 
fsizeList = [str(round(fsizedicr[key] * dir_size, 2)) + " " + key for key in fsizedicr] 
if dir_size == 0: print ("File Empty") 
else:
 for units in sorted(fsizeList)[::-1]: 
 print ("Folder Size: " + units)

4.将源目录240天以上的所有文件移动到目标目录。

import shutil
import sys
import time
import os
import argparse
usage = 'python move_files_over_x_days.py -src [SRC] -dst [DST] -days [DAYS]'
description = 'Move files from src to dst if they are older than a certain number of days. Default is 240 days'
args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=description)
args_parser.add_argument('-src', '--src', type=str, nargs='?', default='.', help='(OPTIONAL) Directory where files will be moved from. Defaults to current directory')
args_parser.add_argument('-dst', '--dst', type=str, nargs='?', required=True, help='(REQUIRED) Directory where files will be moved to.')
args_parser.add_argument('-days', '--days', type=int, nargs='?', default=240, help='(OPTIONAL) Days value specifies the minimum age of files to be moved. Default is 240.')
args = args_parser.parse_args()
if args.days < 0:
	args.days = 0
src = args.src # 设置源目录
dst = args.dst # 设置目标目录
days = args.days # 设置天数
now = time.time() # 获得当前时间
if not os.path.exists(dst):
	os.mkdir(dst)
for f in os.listdir(src): # 遍历源目录所有文件
 if os.stat(f).st_mtime < now - days * 86400: # 判断是否超过240天
 if os.path.isfile(f): # 检查是否是文件
 shutil.move(f, dst) # 移动文件

5.扫描脚本目录，并给出不同类型脚本的计数。

import os																	
import shutil																
from time import strftime												
logsdir="c:\logs\puttylogs"											
zipdir="c:\logs\puttylogs\zipped_logs"							
zip_program="zip.exe"												
for files in os.listdir(logsdir):										
	if files.endswith(".log"):										
		files1=files+"."+strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+".zip"		
		os.chdir(logsdir) 												
		os.system(zip_program + " " + files1 +" "+ files)	
		shutil.move(files1, zipdir)									 
		os.remove(files)													

6.下载Leetcode的算法题。

import sys
import re
import os
import argparse
import requests
from lxml import html as lxml_html
try:
 import html
except ImportError:
 import HTMLParser
 html = HTMLParser.HTMLParser()
try:
 import cPickle as pk
except ImportError:
 import pickle as pk
class LeetcodeProblems(object):
 def get_problems_info(self):
 leetcode_url = 'https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms'
 res = requests.get(leetcode_url)
 if not res.ok:
 print('request error')
 sys.exit()
 cm = res.text
 cmt = cm.split('tbody>')[-2]
 indexs = re.findall(r'<td>(\d+)</td>', cmt)
 problem_urls = ['https://leetcode.com' + url \
 for url in re.findall(
 r'<a href="(/problems/.+?)"', cmt)]
 levels = re.findall(r"<td value='\d*'>(.+?)</td>", cmt)
 tinfos = zip(indexs, levels, problem_urls)
 assert (len(indexs) == len(problem_urls) == len(levels))
 infos = []
 for info in tinfos:
 res = requests.get(info[-1])
 if not res.ok:
 print('request error')
 sys.exit()
 tree = lxml_html.fromstring(res.text)
 title = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:title"]/@content')[0]
 description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="description"]/@content')
 if not description:
 description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:description"]/@content')[0]
 else:
 description = description[0]
 description = html.unescape(description.strip())
 tags = tree.xpath('//div[@id="tags"]/following::a[@class="btn btn-xs btn-primary"]/text()')
 infos.append(
 {
 'title': title,
 'level': info[1],
 'index': int(info[0]),
 'description': description,
 'tags': tags
 }
 )
 with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'wb') as g:
 pk.dump(infos, g)
 return infos
 def to_text(self, pm_infos):
 if self.args.index:
 key = 'index'
 elif self.args.title:
 key = 'title'
 elif self.args.tag:
 key = 'tags'
 elif self.args.level:
 key = 'level'
 else:
 key = 'index'
 infos = sorted(pm_infos, key=lambda i: i[key])
 text_template = '## {index} - {title}\n' \
 '~{level}~ {tags}\n' \
 '{description}\n' + '\n' * self.args.line
 text = ''
 for info in infos:
 if self.args.rm_blank:
 info['description'] = re.sub(r'[\n\r]+', r'\n', info['description'])
 text += text_template.format(**info)
 with open('leecode problems.txt', 'w') as g:
 g.write(text)
 def run(self):
 if os.path.exists('leecode_problems.pk') and not self.args.redownload:
 with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'rb') as f:
 pm_infos = pk.load(f)
 else:
 pm_infos = self.get_problems_info()
 print('find %s problems.' % len(pm_infos))
 self.to_text(pm_infos)
def handle_args(argv):
 p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='extract all leecode problems to location')
 p.add_argument('--index', action='store_true', help='sort by index')
 p.add_argument('--level', action='store_true', help='sort by level')
 p.add_argument('--tag', action='store_true', help='sort by tag')
 p.add_argument('--title', action='store_true', help='sort by title')
 p.add_argument('--rm_blank', action='store_true', help='remove blank')
 p.add_argument('--line', action='store', type=int, default=10, help='blank of two problems')
 p.add_argument('-r', '--redownload', action='store_true', help='redownload data')
 args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
 return args
def main(argv):
 args = handle_args(argv)
 x = LeetcodeProblems()
 x.args = args
 x.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
 argv = sys.argv
 main(argv)

7.将 Markdown 转换为 HTML。

import sys
import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import markdown
class MarkdownToHtml:
 headTag = '<head><meta charset="utf-8" /></head>'
 def __init__(self,cssFilePath = None):
 if cssFilePath != None:
 self.genStyle(cssFilePath)
 def genStyle(self,cssFilePath):
 with open(cssFilePath,'r') as f:
 cssString = f.read()
 self.headTag = self.headTag[:-7] + '<style type="text/css">{}</style>'.format(cssString) + self.headTag[-7:]
 def markdownToHtml(self, sourceFilePath, destinationDirectory = None, outputFileName = None):
 if not destinationDirectory:
 # 未定义输出目录则将源文件目录(注意要转换为绝对路径)作为输出目录
 destinationDirectory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sourceFilePath))
 if not outputFileName:
 # 未定义输出文件名则沿用输入文件名
 outputFileName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sourceFilePath))[0] + '.html'
 if destinationDirectory[-1] != '/':
 destinationDirectory += '/'
 with open(sourceFilePath,'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
 markdownText = f.read()
 # 编译出原始 HTML 文本
 rawHtml = self.headTag + markdown.markdown(markdownText,output_format='html5')
 # 格式化 HTML 文本为可读性更强的格式
 beautifyHtml = BeautifulSoup(rawHtml,'html5lib').prettify()
 with open(destinationDirectory + outputFileName, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
 f.write(beautifyHtml)
if __name__ == "__main__":
 mth = MarkdownToHtml()
 # 做一个命令行参数列表的浅拷贝，不包含脚本文件名
 argv = sys.argv[1:]
 # 目前列表 argv 可能包含源文件路径之外的元素（即选项信息）
 # 程序最后遍历列表 argv 进行编译 markdown 时，列表中的元素必须全部是源文件路径
 outputDirectory = None
 if '-s' in argv:
 cssArgIndex = argv.index('-s') +1
 cssFilePath = argv[cssArgIndex]
 # 检测样式表文件路径是否有效
 if not os.path.isfile(cssFilePath):
 print('Invalid Path: '+cssFilePath)
 sys.exit()
 mth.genStyle(cssFilePath)
 # pop 顺序不能随意变化
 argv.pop(cssArgIndex)
 argv.pop(cssArgIndex-1)
 if '-o' in argv:
 dirArgIndex = argv.index('-o') +1
 outputDirectory = argv[dirArgIndex]
 # 检测输出目录是否有效
 if not os.path.isdir(outputDirectory):
 print('Invalid Directory: ' + outputDirectory)
 sys.exit()
 # pop 顺序不能随意变化
 argv.pop(dirArgIndex)
 argv.pop(dirArgIndex-1)
 # 至此，列表 argv 中的元素均是源文件路径
 # 遍历所有源文件路径
 for filePath in argv:
 # 判断文件路径是否有效
 if os.path.isfile(filePath):
 mth.markdownToHtml(filePath, outputDirectory)
 else:
 print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)

8.文本文件编码检测与转换。

import sys
import os
import argparse
from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = '文本文件编码检测与转换')
parser.add_argument('filePaths', nargs = '+',
 help = '检测或转换的文件路径')
parser.add_argument('-e', '--encoding', nargs = '?', const = 'UTF-8',
 help = '''
目标编码。支持的编码有：
ASCII, (Default) UTF-8 (with or without a BOM), UTF-16 (with a BOM),
UTF-32 (with a BOM), Big5, GB2312/GB18030, EUC-TW, HZ-GB-2312, ISO-2022-CN, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, ISO-2022-JP,
ISO-2022-KR, KOI8-R, MacCyrillic, IBM855, IBM866, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-2, windows-1250, EUC-KR,
ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, windows-1252, ISO-8859-7, windows-1253, ISO-8859-8, windows-1255, TIS-620
''')
parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',
 help = '输出目录')
# 解析参数，得到一个 Namespace 对象
args = parser.parse_args()
# 输出目录不为空即视为开启转换, 若未指定转换编码，则默认为 UTF-8
if args.output != None:
 if not args.encoding:
 # 默认使用编码 UTF-8
 args.encoding = 'UTF-8'
 # 检测用户提供的输出目录是否有效
 if not os.path.isdir(args.output):
 print('Invalid Directory: ' + args.output)
 sys.exit()
 else:
 if args.output[-1] != '/':
 args.output += '/'
# 实例化一个通用检测器
detector = UniversalDetector()
print()
print('Encoding (Confidence)',':','File path')
for filePath in args.filePaths:
 # 检测文件路径是否有效，无效则跳过
 if not os.path.isfile(filePath):
 print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)
 continue
 # 重置检测器
 detector.reset()
 # 以二进制模式读取文件
 for each in open(filePath, 'rb'):
 # 检测器读取数据
 detector.feed(each)
 # 若检测完成则跳出循环
 if detector.done:
 break
 # 关闭检测器
 detector.close()
 # 读取结果
 charEncoding = detector.result['encoding']
 confidence = detector.result['confidence']
 # 打印信息
 if charEncoding is None:
 charEncoding = 'Unknown'
 confidence = 0.99
 print('{} {:>12} : {}'.format(charEncoding.rjust(8),
 '('+str(confidence*100)+'%)', filePath))
 if args.encoding and charEncoding != 'Unknown' and confidence > 0.6:
 # 若未设置输出目录则覆盖源文件
 outputPath = args.output + os.path.basename(filePath) if args.output else filePath
 with open(filePath, 'r', encoding = charEncoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
 temp = f.read()
 with open(outputPath, 'w', encoding = args.encoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
 f.write(temp)

最后两个脚本内容选至实验楼的课程《使用 Python3 编写系列实用脚本》，课程对这两个脚本有详细的实现过程讲解，感兴趣的同学可以直接前往实验楼进行学习！