1：Python3中socket编程介绍
这里就不介绍网络编程的基础知识了，比如TCP/IP协议，OSI模型，TCP的三次握手等。下面直接介绍python中socket编程；
2：简单的点对点
只接受单个连接的服务端：
01_TcpServer.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
server = socket.socket()
ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',8000)
server.bind(ip_port) # 绑定ip+端口
server.listen(10) # 监听
# print(help(server.listen))
print('启动服务：等待客户端的连接......')
conn,addr = server.accept()
print('客户端已连接:')
print(conn)
print(addr)
while True:
print('等待客户端的数据：')
client_data = conn.recv(1024) # 接收客户端的数据，接收的数据是当前时间的秒数，下面处理是把秒转换为字符串
client_data = client_data.decode('utf-8')
stru_t = time.localtime(float(client_data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',stru_t)
print(f'接收来自{addr}的数据：{strTime}' )
conn.send(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8')) # 给客户端发送当前时间的秒数
conn.close()
server.close()01_TcpClient.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
client = socket.socket()
ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',8000)
client.connect(ip_port)
while True:
client.send(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
print('等待服务端的数据：')
server_data = client.recv(1024)
server_data = server_data.decode('utf-8')
stru_t = time.localtime(float(server_data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f'来自服务端的数据:{strTime}')
time.sleep(10)
client.close()3：并发服务端
3.1：创建线程处理
对于每个客户端连接都创建一个线程来处理：
02_TcpServer.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
from socket import SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR
import time
import threading # 线程模块
import traceback # 打印异常信息
# 处理每个链接
def handle_client(conn, addr):
print(conn, addr)
while True:
try:
print(f'等待客户端{addr}的数据：')
client_data = conn.recv(1024) # 接收客户端的数据，接收的数据是当前时间的秒数，下面处理是把秒转换为字符串
client_data = client_data.decode('utf-8')
stru_t = time.localtime(float(client_data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f'接收来自{addr}的数据：{strTime}')
conn.send(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8')) # 给客户端发送当前时间的秒数
except ConnectionResetError:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
break
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
print(f'关闭链接{addr}')
conn.close()
def StartTcpServer(ip,port):
server = socket.socket()
server.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 在bind前加，允许地址重用
server.bind((ip,port)) # 绑定ip+端口
server.listen(10) # 监听
# print(help(server.accept))
while True:
try:
print('等待客户端的连接......')
conn, addr = server.accept() # 一直会阻塞在这里，直到有新的连接进来
# 创建一个线程来处理每个链接
threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(conn, addr)).start()
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
break # 有异常退出循环
server.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)02_TcpClient.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
import traceback
def StartTcpClient(ip_port):
# 开3个客户端
client_list = [socket.socket() for i in range(3)]
# ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',8000)
for client in client_list:
print(client)
client.connect(ip_port)
while True:
for index,client in enumerate(client_list):
try:
client.send(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
print(f'clirnt[{index}],等待服务端的数据：')
server_data = client.recv(1024)
server_data = server_data.decode('utf-8')
stru_t = time.localtime(float(server_data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f'来自服务端的数据:{strTime}')
time.sleep(2)
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
client.close()
client_list.remove(client)
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpClient(('127.0.0.1',8000))3.2：socketserver模块处理
在上面使用每来一个连接，就创建一个线程的方式来处理，如果连接的数量过多，创建线程就会出现问题。
在Python中提供了socketserver模块，socketserver在内部使用IO多路复用以及多线程/进程机制，实现了并发处理多个客户端请求的socket服务端。
03_TcpServer.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socketserver
import time
import traceback # 打印异常信息
def handle_client_data(data,addr):
try:
data = data.decode('utf-8')
# print(type(data),data)
stru_t = time.localtime(int(data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f"来自{addr}的客户端向你发来信息:{data},转换之后:{strTime}" )
except Exception:
pass
# 每个链接都使用一个 TcpServer 实例对象来处理，并且会自动调用handle方法，退出handle方法链接就会自动断开。
class TcpServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
"""
必须继承socketserver.BaseRequestHandler类
"""
def handle(self):
"""
必须实现这个方法！
:return:
"""
conn = self.request # request里封装了所有请求的数据
conn.sendall(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
print(f"1111：{self.client_address}") # 打日志验证每个链接是不是都会进来一次
while True:
try:
data = conn.recv(1024)
handle_client_data(data,self.client_address)
conn.sendall(str(int(time.time())).encode('utf-8'))
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
break
print(f'退出客户端{self.client_address}的处理。')
def StartTcpServer(ip,port):
# 创建一个多线程TCP服务器
server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((ip,port), TcpServer)
print("启动socketserver服务器！")
# 启动服务器，服务器将一直保持运行状态
server.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)03_TcpClient.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
import traceback
def StartTcpClient(ip_port,nums):
client_list = [socket.socket() for i in range(nums)]
for client in client_list:
print(client)
client.connect(ip_port)
while True:
try:
for index,client in enumerate(client_list):
try:
# client.send(str( int(time.time()) ).encode('utf-8'))
client.sendall(str( int(time.time()) ).encode('utf-8'))
print(f'clirnt[{index}],等待服务端的数据：')
server_data = client.recv(1024)
# print(f'来自服务端的数据:{server_data}')
try:
server_data = server_data.decode('utf-8')
stru_t = time.localtime(float(server_data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f'来自服务端的数据:{server_data} 转换之后：{strTime}')
except Exception:
pass
time.sleep(1)
except (ConnectionResetError,ConnectionAbortedError):
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
client.close()
client_list.remove(client)
if len(client_list) < 1:
raise
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
print('退出')
break
def test():
print(str(time.time() ),time.time(),int(time.time()))
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpClient(('127.0.0.1',8000),1)
test()3.3：使用select模块
Python中的select模块专注于I/O多路复用，提供了select poll epoll三个方法(其中后两个在Linux中可用，windows仅支持select)，另外也提供了kqueue方法(freeBSD系统)
select方法：
进程指定内核监听哪些文件描述符(最多监听1024个fd)的哪些事件，当没有文件描述符事件发生时，进程被阻塞；当一个或者多个文件描述符事件发生时，进程被唤醒。
04_TcpServer.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import select
from socket import SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR
import time
import traceback # 打印异常信息
def handle_client_data(data,addr):
try:
data = data.decode('utf-8')
# print(type(data),data)
stru_t = time.localtime(int(data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f"来自{addr.getpeername()}的客户端向你发来信息:{data},转换之后:{strTime}")
except Exception:
pass
def StartTcpServer(ip,port):
server = socket.socket()
server.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # 在bind前加，允许地址重用
server.bind((ip,port)) # 绑定ip+端口
server.listen(10) # 监听
read_fd_list = [server,]
while True:
try:
r_list, w_list, error_list = select.select(read_fd_list, [], [], 1) # 超时设置为1秒
stru_t = time.localtime(time.time())
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f'select之后：len(r_list)={len(r_list)},时间:{strTime}')
for fd in r_list: # r_list 为可读的文件描述符列表
if fd == server: # 可读的文件描述符 为 server（上面起服务创建的），说明有链接请求过来。
conn, addr = fd.accept() # 接收客户端链接
print(addr)
read_fd_list.append(conn) # 把客户端，加入读轮询列表
data = conn.recv(1024)
print(f'接收数据：msg={data}')
handle_client_data(data, conn)
conn.sendall(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8')) # sendall 会循环调用send，把所有数据都发出去。
# conn.send(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8')) # send 发送出去的数据可能是部分数据
else: # 客户端可读，就是有客户端发送数据过来。
try:
data = fd.recv(1024)
# print(help(fd))
handle_client_data(data,fd)
fd.sendall(str(int(time.time())).encode('utf-8'))
except (ConnectionResetError,ConnectionAbortedError,ConnectionRefusedError):
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
fd.close()
read_fd_list.remove(fd)
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
break # 有异常退出循环
server.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)04_TcpClient.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
import traceback
def StartTcpClient(ip_port,nums):
client_list = [socket.socket() for i in range(nums)]
for client in client_list:
print(client)
client.connect(ip_port)
while True:
try:
for index,client in enumerate(client_list):
try:
client.sendall(str( int(time.time()) ).encode('utf-8'))
# client.send(str( int(time.time()) ).encode('utf-8'))
print(f'clirnt[{index}],等待服务端的数据：')
server_data = client.recv(1024)
# print(f'来自服务端的数据:{server_data}')
server_data = server_data.decode('utf-8')
stru_t = time.localtime(float(server_data))
strTime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', stru_t)
print(f'来自服务端的数据:{server_data} 转换之后：{strTime}')
# time.sleep(1)
except (ConnectionResetError, ConnectionAbortedError, ConnectionRefusedError):
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
client.close()
client_list.remove(client)
if len(client_list) < 1:
raise
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
print('退出')
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpClient(('127.0.0.1',8000),1)
# StartTcpClient(('127.0.0.1',8000),2000) 4：socket实现web服务器
4.1：简单web服务器
在浏览器中访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/home 等
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
def StartWebServer(ip,port):
# 创建socket对象
sk = socket.socket()
# 绑定IP和端口
sk.bind((ip,port))
# 监听
sk.listen()
while True:
# 等待连接
conn, addr = sk.accept()
# 接收数据
data = conn.recv(8096)
print(data)
# 返回状态行
conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
# 返回数据
try:
data = data.decode('utf-8')
url = data.split()[1]
ret_data = url
if url == "/test":
ret_data = "test"
elif url == "/home":
ret_data = "home"
elif url == "/index":
ret_data = "index"
else:
ret_data = "404"
conn.send(f'<h1>{ret_data}</h1>'.encode('utf-8'))
except Exception:
pass
# 关闭连接
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartWebServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)4.2：简单web服务器：函数版本
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
def test(url):
ret = f'test: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def index(url):
ret = f'index: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def home(url):
ret = f'home: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def gettime(url):
now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
ret = f'time: {url} {now}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
url_map = {'/test':test,'/index':index,'/home':home,'/time':gettime}
def handle_client_data(data):
data = data.decode('utf-8')
url = data.split()[1]
ret_data = url
if url in url_map:
func = url_map[url]
ret_data = func(url)
else:
ret_data = b"404"
return ret_data
def StartWebServer(ip,port):
# 创建socket对象
sk = socket.socket()
# 绑定IP和端口
sk.bind((ip,port))
# 监听
sk.listen()
while True:
# 等待连接
conn, addr = sk.accept()
# 接收数据
data = conn.recv(8096)
print(data)
# 返回状态行
conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
# 返回数据
try:
ret_data = handle_client_data(data)
conn.send(ret_data)
except Exception:
pass
# 关闭连接
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartWebServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)在浏览器中访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/time
4.3：简单web服务器：返回动态页面
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
def test(url):
ret = f'test: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def index(url):
with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:
ret = f.read()
return ret
def home(url):
ret = f'home: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def gettime(url):
now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
with open('time.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
data = f.read()
data = data.replace('##time##', now)
return data.encode('utf-8')
url_map = {'/test':test,'/index':index,'/home':home,'/time':gettime}
def handle_client_data(data):
data = data.decode('utf-8')
url = data.split()[1]
ret_data = url
if url in url_map:
func = url_map[url]
ret_data = func(url)
else:
ret_data = b"404"
return ret_data
def StartWebServer(ip,port):
# 创建socket对象
sk = socket.socket()
# 绑定IP和端口
sk.bind((ip,port))
# 监听
sk.listen()
while True:
# 等待连接
conn, addr = sk.accept()
# 接收数据
data = conn.recv(8096)
print(data)
# 返回状态行
conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
# 返回数据
try:
ret_data = handle_client_data(data)
conn.send(ret_data)
except Exception:
pass
# 关闭连接
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartWebServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>index</h1>
<h2>index</h2>
<h3>index</h3>
<h4>index</h4>
</div>
</body>
</html>time.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>time</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>当前时间是: ##time## </h1>
</body>
</html>4.4：并发web服务器
使用socketserver实现：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socketserver
import time
import traceback # 打印异常信息
def test(url):
ret = f'test: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def index(url):
with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:
ret = f.read()
return ret
def home(url):
ret = f'home: {url}'
return ret.encode('utf-8')
def gettime(url):
now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
with open('time.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
data = f.read()
data = data.replace('##time##', now)
return data.encode('utf-8')
url_map = {'/test':test,'/index':index,'/home':home,'/time':gettime}
def handle_client_data(data):
data = data.decode('utf-8')
url = data.split()[1]
ret_data = url
if url in url_map:
func = url_map[url]
ret_data = func(url)
else:
ret_data = b"404"
return ret_data
# 每个链接都使用一个 TcpServer 实例对象来处理，并且会自动调用handle方法，退出handle方法链接就会自动断开。
class TcpServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
"""
必须继承socketserver.BaseRequestHandler类
"""
def handle(self):
"""
必须实现这个方法！
:return:
"""
conn = self.request # request里封装了所有请求的数据
# conn.sendall(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
# print(f"1111：{self.client_address}") # 打日志验证每个链接是不是都会进来一次
while True:
try:
data = conn.recv(8096)
print(data)
conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
# 返回数据
try:
ret_data = handle_client_data(data)
conn.sendall(ret_data)
except Exception:
pass
break
except Exception:
val = traceback.format_exc()
print(val)
break
print(f'退出客户端{self.client_address}的处理。')
def StartTcpServer(ip,port):
# 创建一个多线程TCP服务器
server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((ip,port), TcpServer)
print("启动socketserver服务器！")
# 启动服务器，服务器将一直保持运行状态
server.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
StartTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8000)