查看系统关键字和内置函数
在定义变量和函数的时候，我们知道必须确保变量名和函数名和解释器的内置变量和内置函数名不一样，那问题来了，你知道Python解释器有那些keyword和内置函数吗？如何进行查找呢？
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keywords模块
导入keyword模块，可以查看所有关键字，也可利用iskeyword方法判断是否为系统关键字
import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist) # 查看所有关键字
print(keyword.iskeyword('if'))
print(keyword.iskeyword('BYHY'))
输出结果:
['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield'] True False
builtins模块
builtins也是Python 解释器内置的一个模块，通过该模块，可以查到解释器里的全部内置常量和函数名
# builtins import builtins print(dir(builtins)) # print(dir(__builtins__))也可， 皆返回一个列表 print(len(dir(builtins))) # 共152个 for item in dir(builtins): print(item)
输出结果：
['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip'] 152 ArithmeticError AssertionError AttributeError BaseException BlockingIOError BrokenPipeError BufferError BytesWarning ChildProcessError ConnectionAbortedError ConnectionError ConnectionRefusedError ConnectionResetError DeprecationWarning EOFError Ellipsis EnvironmentError Exception False ......
查看官方文档
python英文官方文档详细说明：https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
Built-in Functions
The Python interpreter has a number of functions and types built into it that are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.
Built-in Functions
abs()delattr()hash()memoryview()set()
all()dict()help()min()setattr()
any()dir()hex()next()slice()
ascii()divmod()id()object()sorted()
bin()enumerate()input()oct()staticmethod()
bool()eval()int()open()str()
breakpoint()exec()isinstance()ord()sum()
bytearray()filter()issubclass()pow()super()
bytes()float()iter()print()tuple()
callable()format()len()property()type()
chr()frozenset()list()range()vars()
classmethod()getattr()locals()repr()zip()
compile()globals()map()reversed()__import__()
complex()hasattr()max()round()
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